Theoretical and Actual Yield

Theoretical Yield- the amount of a certain product that is ideally produced given the amount of reactant used 

1. Convert reactant to moles

2. Multiply by the molar ratio

3. Convert back into grams

Actual Yield- the actual amount of product yielded due to errors

1. This is the amount in grams of a particular product that you end up with

Percent Yield- the amount of actual product you end up with in comparison to the theoretical yield

1. Divide the actual yield by the theoretical yield

2. Multiply by 100

Example problems:

Additional Help:

http://youtu.be/LQN9lH9WAVQ

http://youtu.be/LQq203gyftA

Limiting Reagents

A limiting reagent is the chemical in a compound that will be used up first, there by "limiting" the chemical reaction. There are 2 methods that can be used to determine a limiting reagent as pictured below...

Method 1:

Method 2:

Personally, I like to use the method in which I have modified into simpler steps which are:

1. Convert each reactant to moles

2. Multiply by molar ratio

3. Concert back into grams

4. The smaller number is the limiting reagent

Here are some links that should help:

http://www.chemteam.info/Stoichiometry/Limiting-Reagent.html

http://youtu.be/QgrVvB56Mj4

Stoichiometry Lab

Over the past few days, we have conducted a lab in which we placed an iron nail into a solution of copper(II) chloride and water. We then observed the synthesis of copper on the nail after a suprisingly short amount of time. Next, we removed all the liquid and let the copper dry out before taking the mass of it to determine whether the reaction the occurred on our nail was with Fe2+ or Fe3+. We discovered that our reaction involved Fe3+ as the theoretical yield for that was closer to our actual yield than was the theoretical yield for Fe2+.

Here are some pictures from the lab:

After about 3 hours of being submerged in the copper(II) chloride and water solution.

After 1 day of remaining in the solution.

After we drained out a majority of the liquid.

Final copper product after drying for 2 days.

Stoichiomestry for Starters

We recently started the stochiometry unit, and I feel as if I have a pretty good grip on the ideas. I got a 90% on the last weekly quiz, and I have gone over the concepts several times. Therefore, I think I am going to do pretty well on the unit test, but the main things I'm going to need to study are...

1. Limiting Reagents (help- http://youtu.be/nZOVR8EMwRU )

2. Theoretical/Actual Yield (help- http://youtu.be/LicEaaXhlEY )

3. Memorizing Polyatomic Ions (flash cards- https://quizlet.com/782126/common-polyatomic-ions-flash-cards/ )

Acid/Base Reactions

Acid base reactions are reactions between an acid and a base that form salt and water as products.

Here are some key things to remember about acid/base reactions:

1. The driving force in these reactions is the production of water.

2. Strong acids protonate completely.

3. Strong bases disassociate completely.

To differ the difference between a strong or weak acid/base, refer to the following.

Also, here a some links to help you!

http://www.britannica.com/science/acid-base-reaction

http://youtu.be/ANi709MYnWg

http://youtu.be/HdmCagtasYg

Reactivity Series Lab

Yesterday we did a lab in which we were given chemicals that we were supposed to combine with elements in order to find out which elements were most reactive. The elements we used were Pb, Cu, Ca, Mg, Sn, and Zn which were all combined with H20, HCl, CuSO4, and AgNO3. Below is which reactions we observed along with the reactivity series that we came up with.

And here are pictures of some of the reactions that occurred: